Market research shows the worldwide consumption value for complete signage and display systems based on light-emitting diodes (LEDs) reached new heights in 2017 at an estimated US$56.5 billion. This overall figure, however, does not convey the many different ways LEDs are used in professional displays today.
根据市场调查的数据显示，在2017年，LED标识的全球消费价值达到了新的高度，份额接近达到了565亿美元，不仅仅因为LED的应用普及范围广，它同时还以不同方式呈现在我们的生活中。
Market forecasts are segmented based on specific applications, including on-premise and off-premise outdoor displays (e.g. roadway digital billboards) and indoor screens for airports, bus and train terminals, shopping centres, restaurants, hotels, sports facilities, entertainment venues, office buildings and educational institutions. One of the most notable trends, given the categorization of such segments, is the increasing migration of large-format LED arrays from their traditional outdoor locations to open indoor spaces, as well.
正因为如此，市场根据具体的应用进行了细分，包括室内和室外LED显示屏，如道路数字广告牌，机场、公共汽车、购物中心、餐厅、酒店、体育场、娱乐场所、办公室的内饰、建筑和教育机构等应用的LED显示屏。考虑到这些市场的细分，我们发现，大规模LED阵列从传统户外场所向室内空间不断转移。
Categorized by purpose
按目的进行应用分类
With LED cluster displays, multiple LEDs are mounted on boards to form tile modules for digital signage applications. This category includes not only video walls and digital billboards, but also flexible LED-based displays, where even a curtain or drapery can become a dynamic screen.
借助LED集群显示器，可将多个LED安装在电路板上，以形成用于数字标牌应用的模组，包括电视墙和数字广告牌，以及灵活的LED动态显示屏。
LEDs are also commonly used to illuminate conventional or traditional sign media by day and night, including static billboards, paper- or canvas-based graphics, channel letters and sign boxes. In this context, their role is comparable to that of neon, fluorescent and electroluminescent (EL) illumination before them.
LED通常还应用在传统标识中，包括静态广告牌、灯箱，发光字以及标识框中，它的作用与霓虹灯、荧光灯和电致发光（EL）照明相比，作用相当。
While neon and fluorescent lighting are still fairly commonly used today and can prove effective for many years, LEDs have provided a strong alternative with their energy efficiency, solid-state construction and cooler operation. Indeed, their rise may signal the eventual demise of older sign illumination technologies.
虽然霓虹灯和荧光灯照明的应用还是比较普遍，效果也很好，但是，LED已经在能源效率、固态建筑的应用上提供了强有力的替代方案。事实上，它的崛起可能预示着原有照明技术的淘汰。
Even the latest high-brightness LEDs (HB-LEDs) are low-voltage and operate with minimal running costs, allowing signs to be both bright and energy-efficient. Further, LEDs are highly durable, offering greater longevity than other traditional forms of sign lighting and reducing the frequency and costs of maintenance.
即使是最新的高亮度LED（HB-LED），运行成本也很低，既能使标识非常明亮，又非常节能。此外，LED具有很强的耐用性，比其他传统形式的照明相比，具有更长的使用寿命，这样一来，可以降低标识维护的频率和成本。
Sign lighting techniques
标识照明新技术
LED illumination can be implemented with a variety of techniques, including back, front, edge and halo lighting.
LED照明可以利用各种技术来发挥它的价值，包括从背面、前面、边缘和光晕所产生的效果。
Metal and acrylic letters can be front- or backlit, respectively, as sign faces or halo-illuminated for a subtler, esthetically pleasing effect. Acrylic panels can be edge-lit with LEDs to serve as ‘light sheets’ or collectively as ‘light walls’ or integrated into aluminum frames to serve as ultra-thin lightboxes. More traditional aluminum lightboxes, which have been used for decades and remain very common today, can also be illuminated with LEDs from within.
金属亚克力发光字可以在标识的表面产生光晕，呈现一种微妙的、美观的背光效果。亚克力面板可以用发光二极管在边缘产生光亮，也可以集成到铝框中，作为超薄灯箱。而传统的铝质灯箱，内部使用发光二极管已经几十年了，即使在今天仍然非常普遍。
With these common signage applications in mind, different LED products have been specially developed for optimal lighting of channel letters and lightboxes, to name a few. By packaging ultra-high-intensity LED semiconductor chips, uniform illumination can be achieved across a wide range of angles.
考虑到这些常见的标识，不同的LED产品专门为应用在发光字和灯箱的照明而设计，例如，通过封装超高亮度的LED半导体芯片，可以在广泛的角度范围内实现均匀的照明。
By way of example, most 203-mm (8-in.) stroke channel letters can be illuminated by using just a single row of LEDs, without creating visible ‘hot spots.’ These systems can also illuminate channel letters with depths as little as 64 mm (2.5 in.).
例如，大多数203毫米（8英寸）的发光字可以通过使用一排LED来照亮，而不会产生可见的斑点。此外，这些照明系统在深度不超过 64毫米（2.5英寸）的发光字中，能发挥最好的效果。
As mentioned, LEDs can be used to create flexible lighting systems. With a bending radius of less than 1.3 mm (0.05 in.) and an anticipated 500,000-plus bending cycle ‘lifetime,’ they can be flexed at almost any angle, follow the tightest contours and be installed in one continuous strip, with only one or two connecters needed per channel letter.
如上所述，LED可用于创建灵活的照明系统。弯曲半径小于1.3毫米（0.05英寸）的LED，预计可有500,000多个周期的使用寿命，它们几乎可以在任何弯曲的角度，遵循严密的轮廓，在一个连续线条上进行安装，每个发光字需要两个连接器即可。
Part of the digital signage landscape
数字标牌作为景观的一部分
Digital signage is not a specific technology, but rather a medium, defined by the ability to display dynamic content, including video, real-time streaming information and animation.
数字标牌不是一种特定的技术，而是一种显示动态内容（包括视频、实时流信息和动画）的媒介。
A digital signage network comprises a variety of hardware components, which include personal computers (PCs), media players running an operating system (OS) or system-on-a-chip (SoC) interfaces and, of course, the display devices themselves, which can be LED arrays, LCDs or digital projectors. Specialized variations include touch-interactive screens and, most recently, organic LED (OLED) displays, which can offer ‘mirror’ or transparent effects.
一个数字标牌包括各种硬件组件、个人计算机（PC）、运行操作系统（OS）、片上系统（SoC）接口的媒体播放器、显示设备本身、LED阵列，以及LCD或数字投影仪。经常要换的设备包括触摸交互式屏幕和LED（OLED）显示屏，它们通常可以提供镜像或透明的效果。
These components rely on communications links between transmitters and receivers, from wireless links for short distances to copper wire for medium lengths to fibre optics for distances up to 20 km (12 mi). Another key piece to the puzzle is the content management system (CMS) software.
这些组件依靠发射器和接收器之间的通信链路，从短距离的无线路到中等长度的铜线，再由距离长达20公里（12英里）的光纤进行连接。所以说，内容管理系统（CMS）软件非常复杂。
Leading OOH growth
应用在户外广告的增长
One area where LED-based digital signage is experiencing significant growth is out-of-home (OOH) advertising, which reaches consumers—as its name suggests—while they are outside their homes. There are a range of OOH formats, including billboards, street posters and transit ads. The revenue from these ads continues to rise overall, thanks in large part to digital OOH (DOOH) media.
应用LED增长最快的一个领域要属户外广告，这种广告在消费者面前潜移默化地被植入，发挥价值，包括像广告牌、街头海报和运输广告等。户外广告的收入增长很快，主要归功于数字户外媒体OOH。
“Digital continues to lead OOH growth across all categories and is particularly strong in the transit and street furniture categories,” says Stephen Freitas, chief marketing officer (CMO) for the Outdoor Advertising Association of America (OAAA). “These DOOH formats have a particularly high propensity for driving consumer engagement on mobile devices, too, and that is part of the reason for the significant investments being made by some of the world’s most innovative technology companies.”
美国户外广告协会（OAAA）首席营销官Stephen Freitas表示：“数字业务带动所有类别的户外业务增长，特别是在公路上，这些OOH在促进消费者对移动设备的参与方面也具有非常高的倾向，这也是一些最具创新技术公司进行重大投资的原因之一。”
DOOH content is also distributed across place-based digital signage networks, where operators can switch between facility-specific information, local event listings, social media feeds and third-party advertising.
DOOH分布在特定地点的数字标牌系统中，操作人员可以设置特定的信息、本地事件列表，通过社交媒体源和第三方广告之间进行切换。
Digital billboards typically display a series of static ads, with updates every four to 10 seconds, depending on the applicable municipal regulations. OAAA’s own code of industry practices requires them to comply with brightness standards and not feature animation, flashing lights, scrolling or full-motion video. Rules may vary for on- and off-premise LED signs, based on various markets’ local zoning regulations.
数字广告牌通常会显示一系列静态广告，根据适用的市政法规，每四秒到十秒更新一次。 OAAA以他们自己的行业惯例遵守亮度标准，而不是通过动画、闪烁灯和滚动视频来增加亮度。根据当地分区的规定，场内和场外的LED指示灯一般有所不同。
The future market
未来市场的发展趋势
The global consumption value of LED-based signage and display systems is expected to grow at an annual rate of 8.6 per cent, from US$56.5 billion in 2017 to US$85.5 billion in 2022 (see Figure 1). This data refers to the consumption for each particular year; it is not cumulative.
LED标识和显示系统的全球消费价值预计将从2017年的565亿美元增长到2022年的855亿美元，年增长率为8.6％（见图1），这个数据是指每一年的消费量，不是累积而成的。
In terms of regional market share, Asia-Pacific (APAC) holds the lead in all product, system and application categories (see Figure 2). Even though the average selling prices in this region are lower than those in Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA) and North America, the sheer quantity of systems purchased within APAC places the region in the top position in terms of value.
就地区市场份额而言，亚太地区（APAC）在所有产品的系统和应用类别中都处于领先地位（见图2）。尽管该地区的平均销售价格低于欧洲、中东和非洲（EMEA）以及北美地区，但亚太地区采购的系统数量在价格方面居于首位。
Among applications for LEDs in signage and display systems, outdoor on-premise signs are in the lead, with their worldwide value forecast to increase from US$30.9 billion in 2017 to US$49 billion in 2022 (see Figure 3). Most indoor applications are for entertainment, sports, food-service, hospitality and retail venues, followed by transportation facilities, office buildings and schools.
在LED标识系统的应用中，室内标识处于领先地位，其全球价值预测能从2017年的309亿美元增加到2022年的490亿美元（见图3）。大多数室内标识应用于娱乐、体育、餐饮、酒店和零售场所，其次是交通设施、办公楼和学校。
New technologies will also shape how and where LEDs are purchased and used. In June 2017, for example, LG Electronics announced a 0.8-mm (0.03-in.) thick, flexible, transparent LED display that can reportedly be installed on any existing glass surface with a self-adhesive film, allowing dynamic content to be integrated more seamlessly with its surrounding environment.
新技术也将决定LED的延续使用价值。例如，LG电子于2017年6月发布了厚度为0.8毫米（0.03英寸）、灵活透明的LED显示屏，据报道，这次新产品可以安装在任何现有的玻璃表面，并贴上自粘膜，自动集成动态内容，与周边环境融为一体。
Each 480 x 480-mm (19 x 19-in.) panel contains 256 LED-based pixels, provides 1,000 nits of brightness and supports both standard and irregular aspect ratios for a wider range of display options for flat and curved surfaces. As the panels can be connected with a bezel kit, with up to 24 supported through a daisy chain from a main unit controller, systems can be scaled to fit a variety of installation locations, ranging from storefront windows to safety barriers in mass-transit facilities to glass elevator shafts in large public areas.
每个480 x 480毫米（19 x 19英寸）的面板包含256个LED的像素，可提供1,000尼特的亮度，它们支持不规则的长宽比，适用于平面或曲面的各种显示选项。由于面板可以与一个挡板套件相连接，系统可以自行缩放，以适应各种LED的安装。
With this and other ongoing developments in LED technology, almost any physical space can now be converted into a large-scale, state-of-the-art display. Hence, the value of the overall market will only increase further with the scale of future implementations.
随着LED技术的不断发展，几乎所有的物理空间都可以转化为大规模的显示器。随着未来实施规模的扩大，LED市场的价值将进一步增加。
